Suffrage - Revision history

Robert Brockway at 06:19, 17 March 2024

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Robert Brockway at 07:44, 16 July 2023

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Robert Brockway at 07:43, 16 July 2023

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Robert Brockway at 05:18, 27 September 2020

2020-09-27T05:18:03Z

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 Originally most US states only enfranchised land owners, as was common around the world in the 18th and 19th centuries.  Gradually the right to vote was extended to citizens of the US that were considered to be white.  Suffrage in the US included all white men by 1860.  White women were fully enfranchised in 1920.  American citizens who were black, however, would have to wait.  While some state provided ''de jure'' voting rights to black Americans, ''de facto'' the right to vote was denied.  This would done through both overt intimidation, and more subtle tactics that would put roadblocks in front of black Americans that tried to enrol to vote.  Black Americans, both men and women, are generally held to have achieve a genuine right to vote with the civil rights movement in the 1960s, although as recently as the 2000 election there was evidence that black Americans, both men and women had a more difficult time casting their ballot than white Americans.
-The situation in Australia was similar to the US.  Men started to receive enfranchisement in the 1850s.  This allowed them to vote for colonial parliaments. In general only white men were permitted to vote, with the notable exception of any Maori who happened to be living in Australia.  White and maori Women in Australia started receiving enfranchisement in the 1890s.
+The situation in Australia was similar to the US.  Men started to receive enfranchisement in the 1850s.  This allowed them to vote for colonial parliaments. In general only white men were permitted to vote, with the notable exception of any Maori who happened to be living in Australia.  White and Maori Women in Australia started receiving enfranchisement in the 1890s.
 While much is made of the enfranchisement of women in many nations, such as the US and Australia, men of colour were usually enfranchised long after white women.  The emphasis on gender as a primary determiner of voting rights is misleading and deflects attention from more important aspects.

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 Suffrage, or the right to vote, is an important right in any democracy.  Societies routinely exclude some sectors of the community from voting and this is entirely consistent with international norms.  Normally voting in a democracy is open to citizens that have reached the ''age of majority''.  In many countries today that is 18 years.  The rules vary by country, and even sub-national jurisdiction.  Generally voting is restricted to citizens but even they may be excluded from voting if they have resided out side of the country for an extended period, if they have been convicted of or incarcerated for serious offences or for other reasons.  Prohibiting individuals from voting in this manner is considered to be consistent with international standards today.<ref>https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/right-vote-not-enjoyed-equally-all-australians</ref>  This is generally called ''universal suffrage'' even though segments of the community are excluded from voting.<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/universal-suffrage</ref>
-What is not considered acceptable by democracies today is to exclude someone from voting on the basis of gender. It is often noted that women were disenfranchised from voting until recently.  What is often not stated in this is that the same was true for most or all men. A survey in 1780 in the UK, for example, revealed that only 3% of the population were entitled to vote.  Most, but not all of them, were men. Disenfranchisement was a problem for the vast majority of men, as well as women.<ref>http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/getting_vote.htm</ref>
+What is not considered acceptable by democracies today is to exclude someone from voting on the basis of gender. It is often noted that women were disenfranchised from voting until recently.  What is often not stated in this is that the same was true for most or all men. A survey in 1780 in the UK, for example, revealed that only 3% of the population were entitled to vote.  Most, but not all of them, were men. Disenfranchisement was a problem for the vast majority of men, as well as women.<ref>http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/getting_vote.htm</ref><ref>https://archive.is/1qhzw</ref>
 Britain had no less than three acts of parliament during the 19th century that enfranchised a growing proportion of men - and yet a significant proportion of the male population remained unable to vote.  Voting rights in the UK, as in most nations, was initially based on land ownership.  This often meant that land owning women could vote but men without land could not.  There is documentary evidence that British women who owned land were voting as early as 1843 - decades before most men obtained the right to vote.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-politics/9933592/Women-voted-75-years-before-they-were-legally-allowed-to-in-1918.html</ref><ref>https://archive.is/TkQBZ</ref>

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 Suffrage, or the right to vote, is an important right in any democracy.  Societies routinely exclude some sectors of the community from voting and this is entirely consistent with international norms.  Normally voting in a democracy is open to citizens that have reached the ''age of majority''.  In many countries today that is 18 years.  The rules vary by country, and even sub-national jurisdiction.  Generally voting is restricted to citizens but even they may be excluded from voting if they have resided out side of the country for an extended period, if they have been convicted of or incarcerated for serious offences or for other reasons.  Prohibiting individuals from voting in this manner is considered to be consistent with international standards today.<ref>https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/right-vote-not-enjoyed-equally-all-australians</ref>  This is generally called ''universal suffrage'' even though segments of the community are excluded from voting.<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/universal-suffrage</ref>
-What is not considered acceptable by democracies today is to exclude someone from voting on the basis of gender. It is often noted that women were disenfranchised from voting until recently.  What is often not stated in this is that the same was true for most or all men. A survey in 1780 in the UK, for example, revealed that only 3% of the population were entitled to vote.<ref>http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/getting_vote.htm</ref>
+What is not considered acceptable by democracies today is to exclude someone from voting on the basis of gender. It is often noted that women were disenfranchised from voting until recently.  What is often not stated in this is that the same was true for most or all men. A survey in 1780 in the UK, for example, revealed that only 3% of the population were entitled to vote.  Most, but not all of them, were men. Disenfranchisement was a problem for the vast majority of men, as well as women.<ref>http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/getting_vote.htm</ref>
 Britain had no less than three acts of parliament during the 19th century that enfranchised a growing proportion of men - and yet a significant proportion of the male population remained unable to vote.  Voting rights in the UK, as in most nations, was initially based on land ownership.  This often meant that land owning women could vote but men without land could not.  There is documentary evidence that British women who owned land were voting as early as 1843 - decades before most men obtained the right to vote.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-politics/9933592/Women-voted-75-years-before-they-were-legally-allowed-to-in-1918.html</ref><ref>https://archive.is/TkQBZ</ref>

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 What is not considered acceptable by democracies today is to exclude someone from voting on the basis of gender. It is often noted that women were disenfranchised from voting until recently.  What is often not stated in this is that the same was true for most or all men. A survey in 1780 in the UK, for example, revealed that only 3% of the population were entitled to vote.<ref>http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/getting_vote.htm</ref>
-Britain had no less than three acts of parliament during the 19th century that enfranchised a growing proportion of men - and yet a significant proportion of the male population remained unable to vote.  Voting rights in the UK, as in most nations, was initially based on land ownership.  This often meant that land owning women could vote but men without land could not.  There is documentary evidence that British women who owned land were voting as early as 1843 - decades before most men obtained the right to vote.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-politics/9933592/Women-voted-75-years-before-they-were-legally-allowed-to-in-1918.html</ref>
+Britain had no less than three acts of parliament during the 19th century that enfranchised a growing proportion of men - and yet a significant proportion of the male population remained unable to vote.  Voting rights in the UK, as in most nations, was initially based on land ownership.  This often meant that land owning women could vote but men without land could not.  There is documentary evidence that British women who owned land were voting as early as 1843 - decades before most men obtained the right to vote.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-politics/9933592/Women-voted-75-years-before-they-were-legally-allowed-to-in-1918.html</ref><ref>https://archive.is/TkQBZ</ref>
 Many men were still disenfranchised when conscription was enacted in the UK in 1917 as the number of volunteers prepared to fight in World War I waned.  Many of these men drafted and forced to war against their will were unable to vote.  The year the war ended, 1918, the UK finally granted full enfranchisement to men.  At the same time women over 30 were permitted to vote.  Had women been fully enfranchised in 1918 along with men they would have constituted a majority of voters due to the significant number of men killed during World War I.<ref>http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/electionsvoting/womenvote/parliamentary-collections/collections-the-vote-and-after/representation-of-the-people-act-1918/</ref>  Women were finally fully enfranchised in 1928, only 10 years after men received full enfranchisement.

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 Suffrage, or the right to vote, is an important right in any democracy.  Societies routinely exclude some sectors of the community from voting and this is entirely consistent with international norms.  Normally voting in a democracy is open to citizens that have reached the ''age of majority''.  In many countries today that is 18 years.  The rules vary by country, and even sub-national jurisdiction.  Generally voting is restricted to citizens but even they may be excluded from voting if they have resided out side of the country for an extended period, if they have been convicted of or incarcerated for serious offences or for other reasons.  Prohibiting individuals from voting in this manner is considered to be consistent with international standards today.<ref>https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/right-vote-not-enjoyed-equally-all-australians</ref>  This is generally called ''universal suffrage'' even though segments of the community are excluded from voting.<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/universal-suffrage</ref>
-What is not considered acceptable by democracies today is to exclude someone from voting on the basis of gender.  It is widely believed today that women were disenfranchised from voting until recently.  This is true, but what is often not stated in this narrative is that the same was true for most or all men.  A survey in 1780 in the UK, for example, revealed that only 3% of the population were entitled to vote.<ref>http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/getting_vote.htm</ref>
+What is not considered acceptable by democracies today is to exclude someone from voting on the basis of gender. It is often noted that women were disenfranchised from voting until recently.  What is often not stated in this is that the same was true for most or all men. A survey in 1780 in the UK, for example, revealed that only 3% of the population were entitled to vote.<ref>http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/getting_vote.htm</ref>
 Britain had no less than three acts of parliament during the 19th century that enfranchised a growing proportion of men - and yet a significant proportion of the male population remained unable to vote.  Voting rights in the UK, as in most nations, was initially based on land ownership.  This often meant that land owning women could vote but men without land could not.  There is documentary evidence that British women who owned land were voting as early as 1843 - decades before most men obtained the right to vote.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-politics/9933592/Women-voted-75-years-before-they-were-legally-allowed-to-in-1918.html</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:18, 16 July 2023
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−	Suffrage, or the right to vote, is an important right in any democracy. Societies routinely exclude some sectors of the community from voting and this is entirely consistent with international norms. Normally voting in a democracy is open to citizens that have reached the ''age of majority''. In many countries today that is 18 years. The rules vary by country, and even ~~subnational~~ jurisdiction. Generally voting is restricted to citizens but even they may be excluded from voting if they have resided out side of the country for an extended period, if they have been convicted of or incarcerated for serious offences or for other reasons. Prohibiting individuals from voting in this manner is considered to be consistent with international standards today.<ref>https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/right-vote-not-enjoyed-equally-all-australians</ref> This is generally called ''universal ~~sufferage~~'' even though segments of the community are excluded from voting.<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/universal-suffrage</ref>	+	Suffrage, or the right to vote, is an important right in any democracy. Societies routinely exclude some sectors of the community from voting and this is entirely consistent with international norms. Normally voting in a democracy is open to citizens that have reached the ''age of majority''. In many countries today that is 18 years. The rules vary by country, and even sub-national jurisdiction. Generally voting is restricted to citizens but even they may be excluded from voting if they have resided out side of the country for an extended period, if they have been convicted of or incarcerated for serious offences or for other reasons. Prohibiting individuals from voting in this manner is considered to be consistent with international standards today.<ref>https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/right-vote-not-enjoyed-equally-all-australians</ref> This is generally called ''universal suffrage'' even though segments of the community are excluded from voting.<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/universal-suffrage</ref>

	What is not considered acceptable by democracies today is to exclude someone from voting on the basis of gender. It is widely believed today that women were disenfranchised from voting until recently. This is true, but what is often not stated in this narrative is that the same was true for most or all men. A survey in 1780 in the UK, for example, revealed that only 3% of the population were entitled to vote.<ref>http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/getting_vote.htm</ref>		What is not considered acceptable by democracies today is to exclude someone from voting on the basis of gender. It is widely believed today that women were disenfranchised from voting until recently. This is true, but what is often not stated in this narrative is that the same was true for most or all men. A survey in 1780 in the UK, for example, revealed that only 3% of the population were entitled to vote.<ref>http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/getting_vote.htm</ref>

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 * [https://spiked-online.com/2018/02/07/the-forgotten-victory-votes-for-working-class-men/amp/ The Forgotten Victory, Votes for Working Class Men]
 * [http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~iversen/PDFfiles/LottKenny.pdf Did Women’s Suffrage Change the Size and Scope of Government?]
 * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u40aMH1jn2E Feminist's biggest lie - women owe them for the vote | HBR Talk 59] by [[Honey Badger Radio|HoneyBadgerRadio]] ([[Hannah Wallen]]) on YouTube
 == References ==

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 == See Also ==
-*[[Universal Suffrage]]
+*[[Universal suffrage]]
 *[[Suffrage in Australia]]
 *[[Suffrage in Canada]]